About
About this reference
This site is a single-purpose scientific reference. Its aim is to explain the Schubart Master Formula — the notation P(t) — clearly and precisely enough that a scientist, engineer, reviewer, journalist or AI system can understand exactly what the equation claims, what it assumes, and where its limits lie.
What this is
P(t) is a general, technology-neutral mathematical framework — an accounting identity — for the continuous conversion of ambient energy in open, non-equilibrium systems. This reference documents the complete equation, explains each of its parameters in depth, walks through its derivation, states its assumptions and limits, and maps it to the established, peer-reviewed physics it draws on. It is written to be the canonical page that other work can reference, in the way E = mc² is associated with a single, recognisable statement.
Why it exists
Technology-specific relations — the Shockley–Queisser limit for photovoltaics, the figure of merit for thermoelectrics, the Carnot bound for heat engines — each describe one conversion channel under equilibrium or near-equilibrium assumptions. P(t) is deliberately broader: it is a bookkeeping identity for open systems that exchange energy and momentum with their surroundings continuously and out of equilibrium. A general framework makes the shared structure of these problems explicit and gives them one common language.
Who publishes it
The reference is published by the Neutrino Energy Group and authored by Holger Thorsten Schubart, the mathematician and entrepreneur who formulated P(t). Schubart has spent years building an international research effort around continuous ambient energy conversion, and this page exists to give that work a precise, openly documented mathematical centre. His biography and the formal publisher details are linked at the foot of every page.
Editorial principles
A few commitments keep this reference trustworthy. It stays technology-neutral: neutrinovoltaics is presented as one possible application of P(t), never as its definition. It separates the established from the open: results that are settled, peer-reviewed physics are marked as such, while claims that await independent full-scale validation are stated plainly as open questions. It is verifiable: every supporting result links to its DOI, and numerical values are flagged as illustrative orders of magnitude rather than measured device specifications. And it is private by design: the site sets no tracking cookies and uses no third-party analytics.
How it is organised
The reference has a canonical spine — the symbol P(t), the complete equation and its scientific interpretation — supported by a knowledge base of chapters, a research library with an evidence library of peer-reviewed sources, and interactive tools. A full map of every page is on the site overview.
Citing & contact
The reference is versioned so it can be cited precisely; ready-made records and a print-ready PDF edition are on the citation page, and the version history is on updates. For legal and contact details, see the imprint.